Active Learning Experiences - Arnot Ogden Medical Center School of Radiologic Technology

Organization

Arnot Ogden Medical Center (Dr. Earl D. Smith) School of Radiologic Technology

Credit Course Categories:

Descriptions and credit recommendations for all evaluated learning experiences

1. Principles of Radiographic Exposure I; 2. Principles of Radiographic Exposure II

Length:

Course 1, Version 1 and 2: Minimum of 48 hours (approximately 39 weeks). Course 1: Version 3: 50 hours (39 weeks).

Course 2, Version 1 and 2: Minimum of 15 hours (approximately 13 weeks). Course 2, Version 3: 31 hours (26 weeks).

Dates:

Course 1 and 2, Version 1: September 1974 - August 1987. Course 1 and 2, Version 2: September 1987 - September 2018. Course 1 and 2, Version 3: October 2018 - Present.

Objectives:

Course 1 and 2, Version 1: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: outline the principles involved in the formation of the latent radiographic image and their application to different situations. Course 1, Version 2: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: describe and apply the governing and influencing factors utilized in the production of the radiographic image. Course 1, Version 3: Students will be able to: describe and apply the governing and influencing factors utilized in the production of the radiographic image; analyze the relationships of factors that control and affect image exposure; discuss practical considerations in setting standards for acceptable image quality; and apply conversion factors for changes in the following areas: distance, grid, image receptors, reciprocity law, and 15 percent rule. Course 2, Version 2: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: describe and apply the governing and influencing factors as they relate to factor compensation and sensitometric principles. Course 2, Version 3: Students will be able to: describe and apply the governing and influencing factors as they relate to factors compensation, sensitometric, and digital principles; analyze the relationships of factors that control and affect spatial resolution; and explain and create a standardized technique chart; evaluate digital artifacts.

Instruction:

Course 1, Version 1: Major topics include: definitions; characteristics of X-rays; formation of the latent image; intensifying and fluoroscopic screens; prime factors of radiographic exposure; factors controlling and affecting radiographic quality; beam restricting devices (collimators, cones, cylinders, and diaphragms); filters; grids; stereoscopy; condition influencing; choice of chart; kilovoltage and milliamperage; review of grid conversion factors; review of screen conversion factors; kilovoltage distance conversion factors; use of higher kilovoltages; demonstration of radiographic experiments. Course 2, Version 1: Major topics include: sensitometric properties of X-ray film: terminology; the electromagnetic spectrum; characteristic curve. Course 1, Version 2: Major topics include: definitions; characteristics of X-rays; formation of the latent image; intensifying and fluoroscopic screens; prime factors of radiographic exposure; factors controlling and affecting radiographic quality; beam restricting devices (collimators, cones, cylinders, and diaphragms); filters; grids; condition influencing; choice of chart; kilovoltage and milliamperage; review of grid conversion factors; review of screen conversion factors; kilovoltage distance conversion factors; use of higher kilovoltages; demonstration of radiographic experiments. Course 2, Version 2: Major topics include: sensitometric properties of radiographic film: terminology; the electromagnetic spectrum; characteristic curve. Course 1, Version 3: Major topics include: definitions; characteristics of X-rays; formation of the latent image; prime factors of radiographic exposure; factors controlling and affecting radiographic quality; kilovoltage and milliamperage; contrast; spatial resolution; beam restricting devices (collimators, cones, cylinders, and diaphragms); filters; grid; grid conversion factors; choice of chart; distortion; automatic exposure control; patient factors; and demonstration of radiographic experiments. Course 2, Version 3: Major topics include: terminology; the characteristic curve; computed radiography (CR) versus digital radiography (DR); technique charts; image analysis; digital factors; digital artifacts; and digital image quality.

Credit recommendation:

Course 1, Version 1, 2, and 3: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 4 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation). Course 2, Version 1 and 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation). Course 2, Version 3: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 2 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (10/18 revalidation).

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1. Radiation Protection; 2. Radiation Biology

Formerly listed as 1. Radiation Biology; 2. Radiation Protection

Length:

Course 1: Minimum of 22 hours (approximately 22 weeks). Course 2: Minimum of 20 hours (approximately 15 weeks).

Dates:

Course 1 and 2: September 1974 - Present.

Objectives:

Course 1: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: explain biological effects of ionizing radiation and apply principles pertaining to patient and personnel radiation protection; identify and justify the need to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure of humans; identify effective dose limit for occupational and nonoccupational radiation exposure; and describe the ALRA concept; explain the purpose and importance of patient shielding. Course 2: Students will be able to: analyze the effects of radiation on cells, tissues, organs, and systems; discriminate between the direct and indirect effects of radiation; differentiate between stochastic and nonstochastic effects of radiation exposure; and discuss acute radiation syndromes.

Instruction:

Course 1: Major topics include: need for radiation protection; basic interactions of radiation and matter; quantities and units; maximum permissible dose; biological effects of ionizing radiation; radiation monitoring; patient protection; and personnel protection. Course 2: Major topics include: background radiation; influencing factors; direct and indirect actions; cell structure; genetics; tissue and organs; total organism: lethal effects; immunity; reproduction; radiation syndromes; and radiation oncology.

Credit recommendation:

Course 1 and 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category OR in the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 3 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation). NOTE: Course 1 and 2 must both be completed to receive credit.

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1. Radiographic Image Evaluation I; 2. Radiographic Image Evaluation II

Formerly Radiographic Film Evaluation I and II

Length:

Course 1, Version 1 and 2: Minimum of 40 hours (approximately 41 weeks). Course 2, Version 1: Minimum of 40 hours (approximately 40 weeks). Course 2, Version 2: 37 hours (approximately 35 weeks).

Dates:

Course 1 and 2, Version 1: September 1980 -September 2018. Course 1 and 2, Version 2: October 2018 - Present.

Objectives:

Course 1 and 2, Version 1: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to analyze radiographic examinations for the purpose of recognizing diagnostic quality. Course 1 and 2, Version 2: Students will be able to: analyze radiographic examinations for the purpose of recognizing diagnostic quality; identify anatomy on radiographic images; summarize the importance of proper positioning; and recognize images for appropriate technical, procedural and pathological factors, and employ corrective actions if necessary; apply a problem-solving process used for image analysis; and apply a process for evaluating images for adequate image receptor exposure, exposure indicator contrast/grayscale/spatial resolution, identification markers, and appropriate use of beam restriction.

Instruction:

Course 1 and 2, Version 1: Major topics include: patient profile, pathology, and condition during radiographic examination; technical factors and focus film distance; collimation and shielding; positioning; anatomy; radiographic quality; and digital imaging evaluation and analysis. Course 1, Version 2: Topics include: patient profile, image display pathology, and condition during radiographic examination; image exposure indicators; collimation and shielding; positioning; anatomy; radiographic quality; and digital imaging evaluation and analysis of upper extremities, lower extremities, articulating joints, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, gastrointestinal systems, biliary systems and urinary systems. Course 2, Version 2: Major topics include: patient profile, image display, pathology, and condition during radiographic examination; image exposure indicators; collimation and shielding; positioning; anatomy; radiographic quality; and digital imaging evaluation and analysis of entire spine, cranium, visceral cranium, and sinuses.

Credit recommendation:

Course 1 and 2, Version 1: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 3 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation). NOTE: Course 1 and 2 must both be completed to receive credit. Course 1 and 2, Version 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 6 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (10/18 revalidation). NOTE: Course 1 and 2 must both be completed to receive credit.

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Advanced Imaging

Length:

Version 1,2, and 3: Minimum of 27 hours (approximately 18 weeks).Version 4: 31.5 hours (approximately 18 weeks).

Dates:

Version 1: August 1993 - July 1999. Version 2: August 1999 - July 2007. Version 3: August 2007 - July 2013. Version 4: August 2013 - Present.

Objectives:

Version 1, 2, 3, and 4: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: describe generalized principles of modern specialized imaging equipment; accessories; procedures; and techniques related to diagnostic imaging; compare basic equipment used in various imaging modalities and radiation therapy; compare and contrast different types of radiation; and define basic terms related to indications and contraindications.

Instruction:

Version 1: Major topics include: computerized tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; angiography; ultrasound; radiation therapy; nuclear medicine; angiocardiography. Version 2, 3, and 4: Major topics include: computerized tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; angiography; ultrasound; radiation therapy; nuclear medicine; angiocardiography; mammography; bone densitometry.

Credit recommendation:

Version 1, 2, 3, and 4: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 2 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (9/93) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation).

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Clinical Education I and II

Formerly Clinical Practicum I and II; also Clinical Practicum I, II , III, and IV

Length:

Minimum of 2,200 hours (over 2 years).

Dates:

September 1974 - Present.

Objectives:

Clinical Education I: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: integrate the radiographer’s practice standards into clinical practice setting; adapt to changes and varying clinical situations; provide patient-centered, clinically effective care for all patients regardless of age, gender, disability, special needs, ethnicity, or culture; apply standard and transmission-based precautions; demonstrate clinical competence in patient positioning, exposure factors selection, and radiation protection; gain practical experience in procedure preparation, exposure factor selection, image analysis, proper administration of radiation, and appropriate radiation protection. Clinical Education II: Students will be able to: integrate the use of appropriate and effective, written, oral, and nonverbal communication with patients, the public, and members of the health care team in the clinical setting; use patient and family education strategies appropriate to the comprehensive level of the patient/family; apply the appropriate medical asepsis and sterile technique; demonstrate clinical competence in patient positioning, exposure factors selection, and radiation protection; gain practical experience in procedure preparation, exposure factor selection, image analysis, radiation administration, and radiation protection.

Instruction:

Students function as learning members of the hospital's radiology department. Experience is provided in patient preparation, selection of proper techniques for radiographic analysis, and administration of ionizing radiation for the purpose of diagnostic examination with appropriate radiation protection control. Close supervision is provided to develop and evaluate students' clinical skills.

Credit recommendation:

In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category OR in the upper division baccalaureate degree category, 12 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation). NOTE: Clinical Education I and II both must be completed to receive credit.

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Equipment Operation and Management

Formerly:

Radiation Physics

Length:

Version 1 and 2: Minimum of 60 hours (approximately 40 weeks).

Dates:

Version 1: September 1974 - July 1999. Version 2: August 1999 - Present.

Objectives:

Version 1 and 2: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: describe the general theories of physics relevant to mobile and fixed radiology equipment and apply them to radiation physics in both descriptive and quantitative terms; describe potential difference, current and resistance; describe the general components and function of the x-ray circuit to include the tube and filament circuits; and compare generators in terms of radiation produced and efficiency.

Instruction:

Version 1 and 2: Major topics include: fundamentals of mathematics; radiological physics: fundamental units; derived units; mechanics; atomic structure of matter; electrostatics; magnetism; electrodynamics; electromagnetism; transformers; X-ray tubes; roentgen rays; interaction of radiation and matter; radiographic circuits and equipment; production and properties of radiation. Laboratory work is not included.

Credit recommendation:

Version 1: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 5 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiation Physics (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation). Version 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 4 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiation Physics (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation).

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Image Processing

Formerly:

Radiographic Processing

Length:

Version 1 and 2: Minimum of 35.5 hours (approximately 26 weeks); includes at least 7 hours of supervised laboratory experience.

Dates:

Version 1: September 1974 - July 1999. Version 2: August 1999 - Present.

Objectives:

Version 1: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: perform appropriate darkroom procedures; identify the chemical constituents of processing solutions and their functions; evaluate radiographic film characteristics. Version 2: Students will be able to: compare the image capture process for various digital imaging receptors; recognize equipment associated with digital fluoroscopic imaging; describe how photostimulable phosphor image receptors extract data; explain the histogram analysis as it relates to automatic rescaling and how it affects image quality; define the characteristics of a monitor that affect image display; and discuss archival and communication system (PACS) and its function.

Instruction:

Version 1: Major topics include: darkroom procedures and chemical constituents and functions of processing solutions. Processing room design and function; photographic process; manual processing (the developer, rinsing, fixer, washing, and drying); preparation of solutions; automatic processing; radiographic film artifacts and their causes; silver reclamation. Version 2: Major topics include: darkroom procedures and chemical constituents and functions of processing solutions; processing room design and function; photographic process; manual processing (the developer, rinsing, fixer, washing, and drying); preparation of solutions; automatic processing; radiographic film artifacts and their causes; silver reclamation; daylight/cassette less radiography.

Credit recommendation:

Version 1 and 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 2 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation). NOTE: Image Processing content overlaps with Special Procedures. Students may not receive duplicate credit. (This note only applies to students who completed the courses from September 1974 to September 2018).

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Introduction to Radiologic Technology and Medical Ethics

Length:

Version 1 and 2: Minimum of 30 hours (approximately 20 weeks).

Dates:

Version 1: September 1974 - July 2008. Version 2: August 2008 - Present.

Objectives:

Version 1 and 2: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: describe the history of radiographs; define key terms related to physics and techniques of radiography; identify ethical and medicolegal considerations involved in patient care; discuss the responsibilities and relationships of all personnel within a health care institution; and describe diversity and stress management techniques.

Instruction:

Version 1 and 2: Major topics include: the history of radiography; fundamental physics and techniques; professional development; ethics; medico legal considerations; and interpersonal relationships.

Credit recommendation:

Version 1: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation). Version 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 2 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences or Radiography (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation).

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Medical Terminology

Length:

Minimum of 27 hours (approximately 23 weeks).

Dates:

September 1974 - Present.

Objectives:

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: define roots, prefixes, suffixes, and abbreviations common to general medical terminology and radiographic terminology; apply the word-building process of medical terminology; correctly pronunce and spell all medical terms; and properly translate medical terms, abbreviations, and symbols from medical reports into layman’s terms.

Instruction:

Major topics include: introduction to medical terminology: combining forms; plurals of medical terms; pronunciation; general terms used in radiology; abbreviations; and medical terms by body system.

Credit recommendation:

In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 2 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation).

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Methods of Patient Care

Length:

Version 1 and 2: Minimum of 45 hours (approximately 30 weeks).

Dates:

Version 1: February 1979 - July 1992. Version 2: August 1992 - Present.

Objectives:

Version 1 and 2: Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: apply appropriate principles of patient care to the performance of radiographic procedures; describe vital signs and lab values used to assess the condition of the patient, including sites for assessment and normal values; describe methods to evaluate patient physical status; describe the importance of standard precautions and isolation procedures, including sources and modes of transmission of infection and disease and institutional control procedures; and describe patient preparation for contrast studies.

Instruction:

Version 1: Major topics include: body mechanics; aseptic techniques; management of the seriously ill or injured patient (acute abdomen, fractures, and dislocations); patient reaction to iodinated contrast media; the emergency tray/cart; basic first aid; nursing procedures pertinent to radiology (anesthesia, operating room radiography, bedside radiography, handling patients with communicable diseases). contrast media; basic forms; precautionary steps in preparation and administration; and patient preparation. Version 2: Major topics include: body mechanics; aseptic techniques; management of the seriously ill or injured patient (acute abdomen, fractures, and dislocations); patient reaction to iodinated contrast media; the emergency tray/cart; basic first aid and CPR; nursing procedures pertinent to radiology (anesthesia, operating room radiography, bedside radiography, handling patients with communicable diseases, and AIDS isolation protection); contrast media; basic forms; precautionary steps in preparation and administration; venipuncture; and patient preparation.

Credit recommendation:

Version 1 and 2: In the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 3 semester hours in Allied Health Sciences (12/80) (12/88 revalidation) (9/93 revalidation) (10/98 revalidation) (10/03 revalidation) (10/08 revalidation) (10/13 revalidation) (10/18 revalidation)

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