Students are required to display an in-depth knowledge of the basic principles underlying the development and planning of the integration of mathematics, science, and social studies in the early childhood classroom. Topics include: the use of manipulatives and other materials to teach math and science in a hands-on way; key concepts of the preschool math curriculum (number operation, patterns, geometry, and measurement), the processes of observing, classifying, and comparing to demonstrate the scientific process, and the use of social studies as a framework for thematic and interdisciplinary curriculum planning and multicultural education. Students also demonstrate knowledge connected to the core math, science, and social studies topics such as problem-solving and citizenship. Additionally, specific content knowledge within the discipline of science, such as weather, animals, and plant life, is required.