Talmud 157a: Major topics include: the first part of the first chapter of Tractate Kiddushin, dealing primarily with the laws pertaining to kiddushin, are addressed. Students prepare the applicable talmudic texts as well as the major halakhic opinions of various rishonim and acharonim, including Rashi, Tosafos, and the other commentaries as assigned by the instructor. The instructor guides students in understanding the issues raised, and assists student in deducing and elucidating the crux of these issues. Instruction includes, but is not limited to, discussion of the major relevant halakhic topics. Talmud 257a or 357a: In addition to the above, students are introduced to techniques in advanced conceptualization of talmudic text and commentaries. Talmud 457a: In addition to the above, students are expected to achieve proficiency in techniques of advanced conceptualization of talmudic text and commentaries. Topics include: means by which kiddushin is created; exploration of the various forms of kinyanim; elements necessary to bring about kiddushin; situations where a father receives kiddushin for his daughter; proper language and intention required by both parties; contrasting kiddushin with other forms of kinyanei ishus; monetary means which are valid or invalid for kiddushin; roles of the husband and wife in the act of kiddushin; contrasting transactions which affect status vs. ownership; examination of the biblical passages discussing kiddushin; laws regarding securities; and elements of a valid shtar; minimal limits of currency. NOTE: Students in all four courses study the same course materials. While the scope of instruction is the same, the depth of study and nature of analysis depends upon which course the student is enrolled in.