Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: explain the centrality of clear and efficient writing in today's business environment and the major obstacles therein; adjust sentence style to improve clarity, determination, and emphasis; employ gender-neutral language according to current workplace standards; perform accurate audience analyses and correlate them with specific purposes; create coherent outlines and apply a range of organizational techniques; discuss and apply strategies for motivation and persuasion and apply them to sales letters, claims, and proposals; responsibly gather and analyze data from primary and secondary sources; plan and execute periodic reports, project proposals, and research proposals; write reports and presentations in a collaborative setting; and compose effective resumes and application letters.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: articulate the manners in which companies can raise capital through public markets; determine the advantages and disadvantages of accepting corporate debt to finance company operations; analyze various capital structure factors that apply to perfect capital markets and to capital markets affected by debt, taxes, etc.; describe the advantages and disadvantages of issuing corporate dividends; participate in financial modeling and forecasting of profits and expansion; assist in the management of working capital; describe the process of a merger or acquisition and the defenses that are available to the target of a hostile takeover; apply the concepts learned in this course to international companies and international corporate finance.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: demonstrate an understanding of the historical and present day importance of human resource management and its related subcategories; identify, describe, and apply the theories of human resource management and apply theories to practical organizational scenarios; utilize appropriate terminology when discussing the human resource management discipline; critically analyze the importance of micro-, meso-, and macro-level job analysis; convey the importance of human resources management compliance in relation to laws, regulations, and diversity; compare and contrast the importance of training and development; explain the components associated with compensation and benefits; and apply legal knowledge related to organizational governance to “real world” situations.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: delineate the key issues and events affecting the current and future status of labor relations and formulate his or her own conclusions and opinions; identify, interpret, and apply the federal statutes relevant to labor-management relations; discuss the impact of the principal historical developments that have influenced the evolution of unionism in the United States; describe the relationship between labor and management in American business and the influence on that relationship of economic, social, statutory, and regulatory policies and systems; analyze and evaluate the process of union representation, collective bargaining, contract administration, dispute resolution, as well as the roles of labor and management representatives within their respective entities; explain the impact of technology tools on labor relations; interpret the significance of labor relations in the context of international commerce.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: explain the key role that the operations function plays in creating the competitive strength of the firm; develop comprehensive, clearly written and mathematically based analyses that foster the decision-making process; effectively assess a well-managed and well executed operations strategy; identify effective soft management skills applicable to operations management; analyze issues involved in making a product or delivering a service including strategy, design, and day-to-day operations; evaluate and synthesize the relationships between the operations function and other business functions in both manufacturing and service organizations; apply the theories and practices pertaining to management of operations to problems intended to create goods or services efficiently and effectively; expressly describe and apply the relationship between the production/operations management (OM) function and other functional areas including marketing, management information systems, accounting, design, etc.; and apply quantitative models of operations management to real-world work situations.

Version 1 and 2: Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: explain characteristics of an account; apply the basic framework for recording transactions; distinguish between accrual and cash basis accounting; explain how the matching concept relates to accrual basis accounting; describe the basic principles of accounting systems; apply alternative methods of inventory valuation; define plant assets and describe the accounting for their cost; compute depreciation on related fixed assets; apply key financial accounting ratios used to describe characteristics of financial reports; describe and apply basic financial accounting concepts and principles; analyze financial statements; and utilize ratio analysis in the decision making process.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: outline the organizational management structures typical for most organizations; assist in planning and strategic management of organizations; propose methods by which organizational decisions can be made in a wide variety of circumstances; define and explain the concept of entrepreneurship and specific problems that arise in the course of new venture management; describe problems that typically arise during the processes of organizational change and innovation; identify and help solve issues that arise in managing human resources and the behavior of individuals within an organization; propose ideas to help motivate employees to improve their performance; explain the importance of leadership and influence processes to the performance of organizations; outline the importance of communication in organizations and steps that could be taken to improve communication; and prescribe steps that may be implemented to improve management of groups and teams, the control process and operations, quality and productivity.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: describe key components of strategic staffing; develop a strategic staffing plan; align staffing strategies to business goals; analyze a firm's staffing plan for potential legal issues; conduct a job analysis; develop an action plan to address labor supply and demand issues; create a sourcing and recruiting plan; calculate mean, median and mode for candidate assessment and comparison; identify internal and external assessment methods; select methods for candidate selection and hiring; discuss various workforce management techniques; analyze a balanced staffing scorecard.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: identify and employ rhetorical appeal in written materials; detect logical fallacies in text and visual media and eliminate them; identify and analyze the use of value and descriptive assumptions; develop writing topics for a given scenario; broaden or narrow a topic and create effective topic sentences; write focused thesis statements; write both broad and detailed outlines for a researched work of writing; create effective topic sentences; refine grammar and mechanics to promote clear writing; evaluate and use sources responsibly and effectively; and employ MLA citation and formatting style.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: detail the process, nature, and motivation behind European exploration and colonization of America; explain the impact and legacy of slavery; identify the context, root causes, and consequences of the American Revolution; describe the campaign for and prelude leading to the writing and passage of the Constitution; discuss the effects of American policies on Native Americans and the long-term implications thereof; trace the series of events that caused Westward expansion; explicate the speed, nature, costs, benefits, and public policy dilemmas of the building of the United States economy and the United States Industrial Revolution; summarize the reasons for The Civil War and how it scarred the nation; and explain the prominent historical viewpoints regarding Reconstruction and explain its failure.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: describe the court systems as they exist on the federal level and in most states; determine possible paralegal tasks should be billed as "legal work" to clients; prepare for and conduct an initial client interview in a civil litigation process; determine possible types of evidence will be admissible at trial and properly preserve that evidence; help plan an investigation into an incident relevant to civil litigation; draft pleadings (i.e., complaint and answer) that are filed at the outset of a civil case; file a complaint and arrange to have it properly served on the defendant; determine the manner in which to obtain a default judgment in the student's jurisdiction; draft a motion for relief from a court during a civil litigation proceeding; help assemble a discovery plan for investigating relevant information using appropriate discovery devices; draft interrogatories and requests for production and notices of deposition; create digests of depositions and other discovery responses and extract relevant information; describe the main methods of alternative dispute resolution; assist with jury investigation and selection; help attorneys throughout the trial process by keeping a trial notebook, tending to witness needs, etc; prepare a judgment, bill of costs, and other important post-trial documents; and assist with the preparation of appellate briefs, including the preparation of a table of authorities, statement of issue, etc.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: analyze the advantages and disadvantages of negotiation in a particular situation vis-a-vis taking the dispute to a court of law; assist in strategically determining a client's settlement position in terms of the strengths and weaknesses of the case; explain how a person can generally avoid dangers which arise during negotiation; analyze ethical issues that may arise in negotiation; explain the role of a mediator; analyze the meaning and effect of mediation agreements and how they affect the parties' future rights; explain advantages and disadvantages of arbitration and assist in making the determination of whether it is an appropriate choice for a particular case; research and apply state and federal laws that govern arbitration; take necessary steps to initiate an arbitration proceeding; and explain form and functions of high-low arbitration and how it operates differently from traditional arbitration.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: articulate roles of the federal, state, and local governments; explain the concept of separation of powers; determine whether a particular state or federal law is at risk of being found unconstitutional; describe due process and equal protection clauses of the United States Constitution and the impact on civil rights; outline standards that courts use in determining whether the government may make classifications that treat people differently from one another; define when laws can deprive people of certain freedoms; research case law involving claims of government deprivation of civil rights; outline freedoms protected by the First Amendment, such as speech, assembly, and religion; define and apply rights and responsibilities of police officers under the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments regarding search and seizure and identify which searches that are regulated by the Fourth Amendment and police actions that are not considered searches and are thus not restricted by the Amendment; analyze whether findings in an illegal search will be admissible in a particular case based on governing case law; outline the process by which a criminal suspect is arrested, held, interrogated, and eventually tried and describe protections afforded a criminal suspect in police custody; and decide whether a suspect when properly "Mirandized"' and outline the rights of a criminal suspect through the trial and sentencing process.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: outline necessary elements for the prosecution of any crime; determine whether a crime has been committed based on a fact pattern and if true, which crime has been committed; describe basic elements of various common law crimes; research criminal codes and apply elements of a crime in various state or federal jurisdictions; prepare a memorandum with regard to a question of criminal law in a hypothetical fact pattern; describe and apply various defenses that are available under the criminal laws of different jurisdictions; and apply federal and/or state sentencing guidelines to convictions where applicable.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: explain the importance of a contractual agreement and what the agreement means; outline and apply the seven contractual concepts; apply and explain to clients and colleagues the risk allocation involved in entering into contractual agreements; draft contracts and contract provisions in plain English and convert terms written in "legalese" into plain English; explain the difference between contractual terms of art and apply them to various circumstances in which they should be used; draft standard contractual provisions clearly and without ambiguities; explain the organization and chronology of a contract; review a contract that has already been drafted and identify areas that need to be added to, removed, corrected, etc; and avoid (or overcome) ethical dilemmas in contract drafting.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: explain the circumstances that make an employment relationship distinct from other business relationships; apply the rules of Title VII’s prohibition of workplace discrimination based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, pregnancy, age and genetics; identify the various types of employment relationships, with a particular emphasis on the differences between independent contractors and employees; describe the appropriate way to recruit employees, collect information during the hiring process through an application and interview; apply the prohibitions against workplace harassment; describe the rights of employees relating to workplace privacy and personal expression; determine when employers may regulate of off-duty conduct; discuss employment-at-will, voluntary and involuntary ending of the employment relationship.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: list types of income that are subject to federal income taxation and those that are exempt; analyze when and to what extent unearned income (prizes, gifts, windfalls, etc.) are subject to income taxation; recognize the types of tax deferrals that might be available and advantageous to a particular client and discuss pros and cons of various forms of tax deferral; differentiate between cash method and accrual method in accounting and discuss tax ramifications of both; explain differences between various types of retirement accounts and tax features of each; outline types of individual personal income tax deductions, business income tax deductions and deductions for individuals running the business; analyze how and to what extent a mixed personal and business expense may be eligible for an income tax deduction; research and find the income tax rates for trusts and analyze various options for reducing a trust's income tax burden; compare and contrast grantor and non-grantor trusts and the importance of each; outline the method of determining long and short-term capital gains tax liability; and assist in the preparation of Form 1040-Individual Income Tax Return as well as other important tax forms such Form 1041 (Fiduciary Income Tax Return) and extensions and administrative forms.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: describe the history and development of the Internet; identify jurisdictional issues in cyberspace; explain the scope of copyright protection for online content and the fair use defense; discuss trademark protection for Internet content, software, and other technology related products and services; explain the scope of patent protection for Internet patents and what is meant by obviousness; determine the validity and enforceability of e-contracts; apply relevant tax laws in the online environment, including sales tax, use tax, and income tax for individuals and businesses; explain the main federal statutes associated with computer crimes and the penalties associated with cybercrimes; describe the different tort causes of action available in the online environment, including invasion of privacy, defamation, and fraud; evaluate how the First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and press are tested in the Internet Age; compare the right of privacy in the online environment afforded under the U.S. Constitution, state constitutions, and statutes; and apply the legal and policy issues surrounding privacy to social networking sites, search queries, online advertising, data mining, online privacy, and workplace policies.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: defend the policy rationale for various rules of evidence; identify issues of evidence that are decided by a judge and which are decided by a jury; outline the burdens of proof that apply to various issues regarding types of trials, including criminal and civil trials and evidentiary hearings; explain relevant evidence rule and the "catch all" exception under Federal Rule 403; analyze whether and to what extent character evidence and prior acts can be admissible in a courtroom to prove action in conformity with those characteristics; define the "original documents" rule and explain when and under which circumstances copies of documents can be admissible; outline the rules regarding the extent to which impeachment of witnesses is allowed on cross-examination; outline the role of an "expert" witness and additional latitude an expert witness gets in terms of relevant testimony; explain hearsay rule, how it's used and apply the numerous exceptions to the hearsay rule as related to fact patterns; and list evidentiary privileges that are allowed under federal and state law.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: cite legal sources appropriately; distinguish between binding and non-binding authority; “Shepardize” to determine if case law is valid; edit and revise a persuasive legal memorandum; apply and describe the rules of venue; determine whether a class action certification is appropriate based on a given fact pattern; demonstrate how case precedent and stare decisis influence case holdings; evaluate whether a court has subject matter jurisdiction in both federal and state courts; and differentiate between personal jurisdiction, in-rem jurisdiction, and quasi-in-rem jurisdiction; apply the Erie doctrine in a variety of scenarios.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: research ethical rules by utilizing the American Bar Association's "Model Rules of Professional Conduct" and access the rules of professional conduct applicable in any jurisdiction throughout the country; describe the role of the paralegal vis-a-vis the attorney that he/she is working for; apply the distinction between "practicing law" and performing tasks permitted to a paralegal in order to avoid "unauthorized practice of law"; outline the process through which paralegals determine what client information is classified as confidential; describe when, to whom, and in what matter confidential client information may be disclosed; determine the point at which an attorney-client relationship has been formed; list duties of zeal and loyalty that legal professionals owe to their clients; describe various factors that constitute a "conflict of interest"; apply the ethical rules regarding the "business of law" (i.e., promotion and advertising); assess whether a fee charged by a law firm is reasonable or unethical overcharge; and outline the rules governing proper communication with the presiding judge.

Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: discuss the "estate system" and explain its relevancy in determining ownership of property; compare and contrast co-tenancy, joint tenancy, tenancy in common or by the entirety and community property; discuss rights and responsibilities of a landlord and tenant; outline grounds for eviction of a tenant; determine whether a wrongful eviction or other wrongs against a tenant have been committed; outline key points in a real estate sales contract and a deed for real property and general procedures of a real estate closing; apply rules of easements (i.e., rights of owners and non-owners as to property usage to a particular fact pattern); define and apply rules of eminent domain, water rights, etc.; apply rules governing local zoning laws and determine whether a particular client's situation is one in which he/she is likely to receive a sought variance based on the general standards under which local zoning boards operate; and determine when zoning boards' decisions can be appealed to state and federal courts.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: define the roles of the various parties to a trust and describe the formalities necessary to execute a trust instrument; distinguish between various types of trusts, including irrevocable trusts, revocable trusts, and testamentary trusts; determine whether a trust can hold “s corporation” shares and determine what provisions are necessary to do so; differentiate between various types of trust distribution provisions, identify the benefits and pitfalls associated with them, and draft such provisions to meet clients’ needs and goals; identify gift tax issues that may come up in the course of the preparation of a trust and use “Crummey” provisions to minimize gift-tax consequences on gifts to a trust; analyze the provisions of a trust, and decide whether a gift to such trust will be considered a taxable completed gift; discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having assets in a trust included in the taxable estate of the grantor and determine whether they will be, based on the provisions of the trust; describe the advantages and disadvantages of creating a “grantor” trust vs. a “non-grantor” trust; create trust provisions to ensure that trust assets are not considered “available resources” for Medicaid planning purposes; draft trust provisions to ensure that trust assets are not available to creditors, the grantor, or beneficiaries; discuss the advantages and disadvantages of foreign and domestic assets protection trusts vis a vis other spendthrift trusts; identify the purposes and benefits of a supplemental needs trust and the provisions necessary to allow a trust to qualify as one; ensure that trusts have appropriate secondary provisions and determine whether and when these provisions should be amended or deleted from boilerplate forms when drafting a trust; discuss the requirements of a charitable trust and describe the different types of split interest charitable trusts that are available under federal law.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: solve real life problems using geometry; identify geometric shapes and characteristics of angles, lines and shapes; determine whether a geometric figure is congruent and/or similar to another given figure and explain the reasons for such conclusion; calculate the perimeter, area and volume of a variety of geometric figures; apply the rules of geometry of a circle to circles themselves and properties of lines and angles that run through one or more points on the circle’s circumference; plot points, lines and geometric figures on a graph and use coordinate geometry rules to identify properties of these points, lines and figures.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: identify the different types of ecological communities and describe the manners in which such communities interact with their biotic and abiotic environments; evaluate the role of human activities in generating pollution, deforestation and other such activities on their environment; analyze the manner in which humans and other living organisms are able to adapt to the environments of the various biomes that make up the Earth’s biosphere; elucidate the pros and cons of obtaining energy from various sources including nuclear, coal, oil, biomass, solar, etc.; and create proposed solutions to the problem of increased carbon (and methane) emissions that causes anthropogenic global warming.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: describe the roles of major biological molecules in forming living organisms and carrying out life processes; elucidate the roles of cell parts in carrying out various life processes; analyze the manners in which genetic materials determine the genetic characteristics of offspring; apply the various life processes carried out by human organs systems to the over-all goal of maintaining homeostasis; evaluate the impact that various interferences with homeostasis may have on the functioning of the human body and identify the steps that the human body takes to deal with such interference.